Abdi peki Street in Nianta, Galataport Shopping Area in Karaky and Badat Avenue on the Anatolian side of the city have evolved into high-end shopping districts. [151], Built in porphyry and erected at the center of the Forum of Constantine in 330 CE to mark the founding of the new Roman capital, the Column of Constantine was originally adorned with a sculpture of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great depicted as the solar god Apollo on its top, which fell in 1106 and was later replaced by a cross during the reign of Byzantine emperor Manuel Komnenos (r. [20], The name stanbul (Turkish pronunciation:[istanbu] (listen), colloquially Turkish pronunciation:[stambu]) is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase " " (pronounced Greek pronunciation:[is tim bolin]), which means "to the city"[21] and is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks. mirrors -- cm 147.4 cm Height 1 157.1 cm +9.7 257 [95][106] Snowfall varies widely between years and different areas of the city, with districts facing north more prone to receive snow than southerly ones. [189] People registered in Kastamonu, Ordu, Giresun, Erzurum, Samsun, Malatya, Trabzon, Sinop and Rize provinces represent the biggest population groups in Istanbul, meanwhile people registered in Sivas has the highest percentage with more than 760 thousand residents in the city. [214][215][216], Politically, Istanbul is seen as the most important administrative region in Turkey. Galleria Ataky ushered in the age of modern shopping malls in Turkey when it opened in 1987. See the Toponomy section of this article, or. Constantinople jostled with other major historical cities, such as Baghdad, Chang'an, Kaifeng and Merv for the position of the world's largest city until the 1 The Ottoman Parliament was dissolved by the Allies on 11 April 1920 and the Ottoman delegation led by Damat Ferid Pasha was forced to sign the Treaty of Svres on 10 August 1920. [266], Many of Istanbul's sports facilities have been built or upgraded since 2000 to bolster the city's bids for the Summer Olympic Games. The O-7 motorway from Kinali Gieleri to Istanbul Park Service has 139.2km, with 8 lanes (4x4), and from Odayeri-K10 to Istanbul Atatrk Airport has 30.4km. [40] Byzantium then continued as part of the Athenian League and its successor, the Second Athenian League, before gaining independence in 355 BCE. The high population growth mirrors an urbanization trend across the country, as the second and third fastest-growing OECD metropolises are the Turkish cities of Izmir and Ankara. One of the exceptions, offering both, is Ak Radyo (94.9 FM). [159] Government meetings took place here until 1786, when the seat of government was moved to the Sublime Porte. [328] It still carries passengers between Karaky and stiklal Avenue along a steep 573-meter (1,880ft) track; a more modern funicular between Taksim Square and Kabata began running in 2006. [162] The city, considered capital of the larger Istanbul Province, is administered by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (MMI), which oversees the 39 districts of the city-province. [58] Constantinople's churches, defenses, and basic services were in disrepair,[59] and its population had dwindled to a hundred thousand from half a million during the 8th century. Web15.5M. Istanbul University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, dates back to 1453 and its dental, law, medical schools were founded in the 19th century. [9] In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome (Greek: , Nea Rhom; Latin: Nova Roma)[10] and then as Constantinople (Constantinopolis) after himself. WebClick here for conversions of: Length, Area, Weight or Volume Click here for conversions of: Temperature and Energy Units Click here for conversions of: Clothing and Shoes (men, women, children) Length, Area, Weight, Volume Conversion Temperature and Energy Conversion Clothing and Shoe Conversion Country Overview Country Facts Public Holidays Maslak, Levent, and Bomonti are important nodes within the CBD. 1C higher average maximum temperature? [311][needs update] Turkish citizens are entitled to subsidized healthcare in the nation's state-run hospitals. Altay, Volkan; Ouml, Brahim Lker; zyiit; Yarci, Celal (31 January 2010). [328] Operated by Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnels General Management (ETT), trams slowly returned to the city in the 1990s with the introduction of a nostalgic route and a faster modern tram line, which now carries 265,000 passengers each day. [338][339] With additional destinations around the Sea of Marmara, DO runs the largest municipal ferry operation in the world. Dominated by low-cost carriers, Istanbul's second airport has rapidly become popular, especially since the opening of a new international terminal in 2009;[356] the airport handled 14.7 million passengers in 2012, a year after Airports Council International named it the world's fastest-growing airport. [336] The Metrobus, a form of bus rapid transit, crosses the Bosphorus Bridge, with dedicated lanes leading to its termini. More arrivals per year shows how important the city is viewed internationally, and may indicate better infrastructure, such as airports, public transport, [91] The city has repeatedly upgraded its building codes, most recently in 2018,[91] requiring retrofits for older buildings and higher engineering standards for new construction. [239], The first film screening in Turkey was at Yldz Palace in 1896, a year after the technology publicly debuted in Paris. The importance of Constantinople in the Ottoman world was also reflected by its nickname Der Saadet meaning the 'Gate to Prosperity' in Ottoman Turkish. It never returned to being the world's largest, but remained the largest city in Europe from 1500 to 1750, when it was surpassed by London. [157], The imperial mosques include Fatih Mosque, Bayezid Mosque, Yavuz Selim Mosque, Sleymaniye Mosque, Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the Blue Mosque), and Yeni Mosque, all of which were built at the peak of the Ottoman Empire, in the 16th and 17th centuries. The dominant ethnic group in the city is Turkish people, which also forms the majority group in Turkey. [255] stiklal Avenue, originally known for its taverns, has shifted toward shopping, but the nearby Nevizade Street is still lined with winehouses and pubs. [208] The community had more than 15,000 members during Atatrk's presidency in the 1920s and 1930s, but today is reduced to only a few hundreds, according to Italo-Levantine writer Giovanni Scognamillo. [50][51] Constantinople's location also ensured its existence would stand the test of time; for many centuries, its walls and seafront protected Europe against invaders from the east and the advance of Islam. It is also larger in size and has a lower population density, although the overall population of Istanbul is significantly higher than that of London. [342][non-primary source needed], International rail service from Istanbul launched in 1889, with a line between Bucharest and Istanbul's Sirkeci Terminal, which ultimately became famous as the eastern terminus of the Orient Express from Paris. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 23, (1969): 22949. 11431180). [42] Byzantium's decision to side with the Roman usurper Pescennius Niger against Emperor Septimius Severus cost it dearly; by the time it surrendered at the end of 195 CE, two years of siege had left the city devastated. See. A follow-up to Chandler & Fox 1974, In the Ottoman period the inner core of the city, inside the city walls, came to be known as "stanbul" in Turkish and "Stamboul" in the West. [24] A person from the city is an stanbullu (plural: stanbullular); Istanbulite is used in English. Furthermore, during early and mid-winter, the city's frequency of precipitation is virtually unparalleled in the Mediterranean basin; January averages 20 days of precipitation when counting trace accumulations,[103] 17 when using a 0.1mm threshold, and 12 when using a 1.0mm threshold. [282][283] It also hosted the Turkish Motorcycle Grand Prix between 2005 and 2007. Among the oldest surviving examples of Ottoman architecture in Istanbul are the Anadoluhisar and Rumelihisar fortresses, which assisted the Ottomans during their siege of the city. [67] He also invited people from all over Europe to his capital, creating a cosmopolitan society that persisted through much of the Ottoman period. [71] Opulent houses shared the same streets and districts with tiny hovels. [205] As of 2019, an estimated 18,000 of the country's 25,000 Christian Assyrians live in Istanbul.[206]. Organized between 2003 and 2013, Rock'n Coke was the biggest open-air rock festival in Turkey, sponsored by Coca-Cola. The rents are extremely high. The biggest defeat for the government came in the 2019 local elections, where their candidate for Mayor, former Prime Minister Binali Yldrm, was defeated by a very narrow margin by the opposition candidate Ekrem mamolu. By 1876, the first international mailing network between Istanbul and the lands beyond the Ottoman Empire had been established. The Hagia Sophia, topped by a dome 31 meters (102ft) in diameter over a square space defined by four arches, is the pinnacle of Byzantine architecture. [247] The most prominent of the festivals that evolved from the original Istanbul Festival is the Istanbul Biennial, held every two years since 1987. [203] Following Greek migration to the city for work in the 2010s, the Greek population rose to nearly 3,000 in 2019, still greatly diminished since 1919, when it stood at 350,000. [148] The Roman emperor Constantius II (r. 337361 CE) had it and another obelisk transported along the River Nile to Alexandria for commemorating his ventennalia or 20 years on the throne in 357. Please check the MYS SIZE TABLE in the description carefully to avoid waste of time and money on returns. In: goston, Gbor and Bruce Alan Masters. [70], Social hierarchy was ignored by the rampant plague, which killed the rich and the poor alike in the 16th century. [108], The highest recorded temperature at the official downtown observation station in Saryer was 41.5C (107F) and on 13 July 2000. WebCompare the size of the most important cities in the world and find out interesting facts about them. To give you some comparison the Great Pyramids of Egypt are approximately 449.5 feet tall. [12] The city played a key role in the advancement of Christianity during Roman/Byzantine times, hosting four (including Chalcedon (Kadky) on the Asian side) of the first seven ecumenical councils (all of which were in present-day Turkey) before its transformation to an Islamic stronghold following the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 CEespecially after becoming the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1517. [107] The highest recorded snow cover in the city center was 80 centimeters (31in) on 4 January 1942, and 104 centimeters (41in) in the northern suburbs on 11 January 2017. [244] The Turkish film industry ramped up in the second half of the century, and with Uzak (2002) and My Father and My Son (2005), both filmed in Istanbul, the nation's movies began to see substantial international success. "Urban flora and ecological characteristics of the Kartal District (Istanbul): A contribution to urban ecology in Turkey". The airport covers 2,900 hectares of land and includes two runways and three terminals. [158] In 1639, Murad IV made some of the most lavish additions, including the Baghdad Kiosk, to commemorate his conquest of Baghdad the previous year. [18] Constantinople remained the most common name for the city in the West until the 1930s, when Turkish authorities began to press for the use of "Istanbul" in foreign languages. [334] The Marmaray tunnel together with the suburban railways lines along the Sea of Marmara, is part of intercontinental commuter rail line in Istanbul, from Halkal on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side. WebIstanbul (Turkey) is 2.64 times as big as New York City (US) No description found. "Istanbul." The O-2 continues west to Edirne and the O-4 continues east to Ankara. The presence of feral cats in Istanbul (Turkish: sokak kedisi) is noted to be very prevalent, with estimates ranging from a hundred thousand to over a million stray cats. ^ Where governor's office is located. ^ Istanbul straddles both Europe and Asia, with its commercial and historical centre and two-thirds of the population in Europe, the rest in Asia. Since Istanbul is a transcontinental city, Moscow is the largest city entirely within Europe. [76] Regular service to Bucharest and Thessaloniki continued until the early 2010s, when the former was interrupted for Marmaray construction but started running again in 2019 and the latter was halted due to economic problems in Greece. [54][55], Constantinople began to decline continuously after the end of the reign of Basil II in 1025. It handled 61.3 million passengers in 2015, which made it the third-busiest airport in Europe and the 18th-busiest in the world in that year. [170] The Municipal Council is advised by the Metropolitan Executive Committee, although the committee also has limited power to make decisions of its own. [195] Zazas are also present in the city and constitute around 1% of the total voting-age population. [296] Kanal D and ATV are other stations in Istanbul that offer a mix of news and series; NTV (partnered with U.S. media outlet MSNBC) and Sky Turkboth based in the cityare mainly just known for their news coverage in Turkish. Bosporus hosts pelagic, demersal and semipelagic fish species and more than 130 different taxa have been documented in the strait. [364] Water pollution, overfishing and destruction of coastal habitats caused by urbanization are main threats to Istanbul's marine ecology. The current city structure can be traced back to the Tanzimat period of reform in the 19th century, before which Islamic judges and imams led the city under the auspices of the Grand Vizier. [47][48] Numerous churches were built across the city, including Hagia Sophia which was built during the reign of Justinian the Great and remained the world's largest cathedral for a thousand years. Istanbul has more than 93 colleges and universities,[298] with 400,000 students[299] enrolled in 2016. The last race of the Powerboat P1 World Championship on the Bosporus took place on 1921 June 2009. [306] Sultan Abdlmecid I issued Samuel Morse his first official honor for the telegraph in 1847, and construction of the first telegraph linebetween Istanbul and Edirnefinished in time to announce the end of the Crimean War in 1856. The city served as an imperial capital for almost 1600 years: during the Roman/Byzantine (3301204), Latin (12041261), late Byzantine (12611453), and Ottoman (14531922) empires. DO NOT look at the Amazon size chart. The O-1 forms the city's inner ring road, traversing the 15 July Martyrs (First Bosphorus) Bridge, and the O-2 is the city's outer ring road, crossing the Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge. [84] Turkish forces of the Ankara government, commanded by kr Naili Pasha (3rd Corps), entered the city with a ceremony on 6 October 1923, which has been marked as the Liberation Day of Istanbul (Turkish: stanbul'un Kurtuluu) and is commemorated every year on its anniversary. [218] For Ekrem mamolu, winning the mayorlty of Istanbul was a huge moral victory, but for Erdoan it had practical ramifications: His party, AKP, lost control of the $4.8billion municipal budget, which had sustained patronage at the point of delivery of many public services for 25 years. [76] Modern facilities, such as a water supply network, electricity, telephones, and trams, were gradually introduced to Constantinople over the following decades, although later than to other European cities. Compare to .. Filter Random map Iceberg A-68 Abbottabad city (Pakistan) Abkhazia Acre Australian Capital Territory Andorra Adriatic Since Istanbul is a transcontinental city. [89], Istanbul is located in north-western Turkey and straddles the straitBosporus, which provides the only passage from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean via the Sea of Marmara. Many of the city's most popular and upscale seafood restaurants line the shores of the Bosporus (particularly in neighborhoods like Ortaky, Bebek, Arnavutky, Yeniky, Beylerbeyi and engelky). These costs include accommodation (assuming double occupancy, so the traveler is sharing the room), food, transportation, and entertainment. Sergius and Bacchus, the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos, the Monastery of the Pantocrator, the Monastery of Christ Pantepoptes, the Hagia Theodosia, the Church of Theotokos Kyriotissa, the Monastery of Constantine Lips, the Church of Myrelaion, the Hagios Theodoros, etc. [23] In modern Turkish, the name is written as stanbul, with a dotted , as the Turkish alphabet distinguishes between a dotted and dotless I. p. 236. Although the real population of Moscow is subject to debate, it may be closer to 15 mil. [258], Istanbul is known for its historic seafood restaurants. [177], Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. The Municipal Council is responsible for citywide issues, including managing the budget, maintaining civic infrastructure, and overseeing museums and major cultural centers. [171][172], District councils are chiefly responsible for waste management and construction projects within their respective districts. [13], In 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence, Ankara replaced the city as the capital of the newly formed Republic of Turkey. [210] Sympathetic to the plight of Sephardic Jews, Bayezid II sent out the Ottoman Navy under the command of admiral Kemal Reis to Spain in 1492 in order to evacuate them safely to Ottoman lands. [291] Hrriyet's English-language edition, Hrriyet Daily News, has been printed since 1961, but the English-language Daily Sabah, first published by Sabah in 2014, has overtaken it in circulation. [157] After several hundred years of royal residence, it was abandoned in 1853 in favor of the baroque Dolmabahe Palace. [182], Istanbul ranks as the seventh-largest city proper in the world, and the second-largest urban agglomeration in Europe, after Moscow. Istanbul was occasionally a venue of the F1 Powerboat World Championship, with the last race on the Bosporus strait on 1213 August 2000. Cities ranked 7179th and 9211th ( $644 vs $290) in the list of the most expensive cities in the world and ranked 1st and 108th in Turkey. [182] 64.4% of the residents live on the European side and 35.6% on the Asian side. [305], The Ottoman Ministry of Post and Telegraph was established in 1840 and the first post office, the Imperial Post Office, opened near the courtyard of Yeni Mosque. [77] The modernization efforts were not enough to forestall the decline of the Ottoman Empire. All four stadiums are elite Category 4 (formerly five-star) UEFA stadiums. [344][345] After Istanbul's Haydarpaa Terminal opened in 1908, it served as the western terminus of the Baghdad Railway and an extension of the Hejaz Railway; today, neither service is offered directly from Istanbul. The city straddles the Bosporus strait, lying in both Europe and Asia, and has a population of over 15 million residents, comprising 19% of the population of Turkey. [366][367] Rose-ringed parakeet colonies are present in urban areas, similar to other European cities as feral parrots, and considered as invasive species. The city's largest private universities include Sabanc University, with its main campus in Tuzla, Ko University in Saryer, zyein niversitesi near Altunizade. But I presume that Istanbul has a similar problem. Despite efforts to make Ankara Turkey's cultural heart, Istanbul had the country's primary institution of art until the 1970s. [202] Greeks and Armenians form the largest Christian population in the city. The Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since 1973, and the International Istanbul Film Festival has been held annually since 1982. [153] Because of its historical significance, it was reopened as a museum in 1935. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque), another landmark of the city, faces the Hagia Sophia at Sultanahmet Square (Hippodrome of Constantinople). The former village of Ortaky is within Beikta and gives its name to the Ortaky Mosque on the Bosporus, near the Bosporus Bridge. 25.76$ vs 29.44$ After its closure to commercial flights in 2019, it was briefly used by cargo aircraft and the official state aircraft owned by the Turkish government, until the demolition of its runway began in 2020. Istanbul is also famous for its sophisticated and elaborately-cooked dishes of the Ottoman cuisine. In: Edhem, Eldem. It is located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York. Glhane Park and Yldz Park were originally included within the grounds of two of Istanbul's palaces Topkap Palace and Yldz Palacebut they were repurposed as public parks in the early decades of the Turkish Republic. [57] Hagia Sophia was converted to a Catholic church in 1204. [233], Istanbul was historically known as a cultural hub, but its cultural scene stagnated after the Turkish Republic shifted its focus toward Ankara. [70] There was a huge new palace to rival, if not overshadow, the old one, a new covered market (still standing as the Grand Bazaar), porticoes, pavilions, walkways, as well as more than a dozen new mosques. [275] Several other indoor arenas, including the Beikta Akatlar Arena, have also been inaugurated since 2000, serving as the home courts of Istanbul's sports clubs. [69] Like many monarchs before and since, Mehmed II transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with wholesale redevelopment of the city center. [227] While the project was still on Turkey's agenda in 2020, there has not been a clear date set for it. [274] Prior to the completion of the Sinan Erdem Dome in 2010, Abdi peki Arena was Istanbul's primary indoor arena, having hosted the finals of EuroBasket 2001. Offering a range of content from educational programming to coverage of sporting events, Radio 2 is the most popular radio station in Turkey. The industry has its roots in the former Ottoman capital, where the first Turkish newspaper, Takvim-i Vekayi (Calendar of Affairs), was published in 1831. [180] Constantinople jostled with other major historical cities, such as Baghdad, Chang'an, Kaifeng and Merv for the position of the world's largest city until the 12th century. Like the MMI, the Istanbul Special Provincial Administration has a governor, a democratically elected decision-making bodythe Provincial Parliamentand an appointed Executive Committee. [196] Following Turkey's support for the Arab Spring, Istanbul emerged as a hub for dissidents from across the Arab world, including former presidential candidates from Egypt, Kuwaiti MPs, and former ministers from Jordan, Saudi Arabia (including Jamal Khashoggi), Syria, and Yemen. Due to its initial status as Turkey's only club, Beikta occasionally represented the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic in international sports competitions, earning the right to place the Turkish flag inside its team logo. [290] Hrriyet, Sabah, Posta and Szc, the country's top four papers, are all headquartered in Istanbul, boasting more than 275,000 weekly sales each. [185] This growth was fueled by internal and international migration. With its focus now solely on music and dance, the Istanbul Festival has been known as the Istanbul International Music Festival since 1994. [220], Administratively, Istanbul is divided into 39 districts, more than any other province in Turkey. [149] When re-erected at the Hippodrome of Constantinople, the obelisk was mounted on a decorative base, with reliefs that depict Theodosius I and his courtiers. [228] Since then operations were shifted to Ambarl, with plans to convert Haydarpaa into a tourism complex. [48] During most of the Middle Ages, the latter part of the Byzantine era, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city on the European continent and at times the largest in the world. The obelisk that would become the Obelisk of Theodosius remained in Alexandria until 390 CE, when Theodosius I (r. 379395 CE) had it transported to Constantinople and put up on the spina of the Hippodrome there. Istanbul (/stnbl/ IST-an-BUUL,[7][8] US also /stnbl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople[b] (Greek: ; Latin: Constantinopolis), is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. [238], Beyolu has been transformed into the artistic center of the city, with young artists and older Turkish artists formerly residing abroad finding footing there. WebTwo maps comparing the size of urban areas in Istanbul (indicated as the grey zones) in 1975 and 2011 Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. [61] In the mid-14th-century, the Ottoman Turks began a strategy of gradually taking smaller towns and cities, cutting off Constantinople's supply routes and strangling it slowly. Byzantine Empire 3951204 WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Moscow (Russia) size comparison S ave 2,511 km2 / 969 mile2 No description found. [298], Public universities with a major presence in the city, such as Istanbul University, Istanbul Technical University (the world's third-oldest university dedicated entirely to engineering, established in 1773), and Boazii University (formerly the higher education section of Robert College until 1971) provide education in English as the primary foreign language, while the primary foreign language of education at Galatasaray University is French (as is the case at Galatasaray High School). Web14.9 million. [340] The city's main cruise ship terminal is the Port of Istanbul in Karaky, with a capacity of 10,000 passengers per hour. [341] Most visitors enter Istanbul by air, but about half a million foreign tourists enter the city by sea each year. [223] The city's gross domestic product adjusted by PPP stood at US$537.507 billion in 2018,[224] with manufacturing and services accounting for 36 percent and 60 percent of the economic output respectively. Furthermore, as Istanbul is a large and rapidly expanding city, its urban heat island has been intensifying the effects of climate change. [210] Romaniote and Ashkenazi communities existed in Istanbul before the conquest of Istanbul, but it was the arrival of Sephardic Jews that ushered a period of cultural flourishing. [263][264][265] Galatasaray and Fenerbahe have a long-standing rivalry, with Galatasaray based in the European part and Fenerbahe based in the Anatolian part of the city. The most native taxa were in the Asteraceae family (50 species), while the most diverse exotic plant family was Rosaceae (16 species).[361]. [183][184] The city's annual population growth of 1.5 percent ranks as one of the highest among the seventy-eight largest metropolises in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The high quality of healthcare, especially in private hospitals, has contributed to a recent upsurge in medical tourism to Turkey (with a 40 percent increase between 2007 and 2008). [109][107][110], As with virtually every part of the world, climate change is causing more heatwaves,[119] droughts,[120] storms,[121] and flooding[122][123] in Istanbul. [39] The city experienced a brief period of Persian rule at the turn of the 5th century BCE, but the Greeks recaptured it during the Greco-Persian Wars. WebWith a population of around 8.7 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and Celal ( 31 January 2010 ) its urban heat island has been the! And includes two runways and three terminals [ 216 ], Administratively, Istanbul is divided 39... In 1204 historic seafood restaurants, or to 15 mil ( Istanbul ): contribution! 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